Giampieri, F.; Alvarez-Suarez, J.M.; Mazzoni, L.; Forbes-Hernandez, T.Y.; Gasparrini, M.; Gonzàlez-Paramàs, A.M.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Quiles, J.L.; Bompadre, S.; Mezzetti, B.; Battino, M. Polyphenol-Rich Strawberry Extract Protects Human Dermal Fibroblasts against Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidative Damage and Improves Mitochondrial Functionality. Molecules 2014, 19, 7798-7816.
Abstract
Strawberry bioactive compounds are widely known to be powerful antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of a polyphenol-rich strawberry extract were evaluated using human dermal fibroblasts exposed to H2O2. Firstly, the phenol and flavonoid contents of strawberry extract were studied, as well as the antioxidant capacity. HPLC-DAD analysis was performed to determine the vitamin C and β-carotene concentration, while HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis was used for anthocyanin identification. Strawberry extract presented a high antioxidant capacity, and a relevant concentration of vitamins and phenolics. Pelargonidin- and cyanidin-glycosides were the most representative anthocyanin components of the fruits. Fibroblasts incubated with strawberry extract and stressed with H2O2 showed an increase in cell viability, a smaller intracellular amount of ROS, and a reduction of membrane lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Strawberry extract was also able to improve mitochondrial functionality, increasing the basal respiration of mitochondria and to promote a regenerative capacity of cells after exposure to pro-oxidant stimuli. These findings confirm that strawberries possess antioxidant properties and provide new insights into the beneficial role of strawberry bioactive compounds on protecting skin from oxidative stress and aging.
Conclusions
Our results report that the Sveva strawberry cultivar has a high antioxidant capacity, as well as an important anthocyanin and vitamin content, which results in a protective effect on skin cells against damage induced by oxidative stress. Indeed, strawberry extract was effective in decreasing intracellular ROS concentration and in protecting lipid, DNA and mitochondrial functionality from the damage induced by free radicals.
Overall, the present study represents an interesting starting point for future investigations. Further studies will be of particular interest, in order to confirm our findings, to explore the direct and indirect antioxidant mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of strawberry treatment, and to further investigate the role of specific classes of compounds in explaining the reported bioactivities.
Certainly, the authors are aware of the limitations of the study. Firstly, the absence of the key genes expression analysis, involved in antioxidant responses, is an important drawback of the study, since it could have been useful to further corroborate the role of strawberry extract on the results obtained. Another limit of the study is the lack of measurement of DNA damage and cell cycle of key markers involved in cell proliferation by western blot, since it could be essential to examine the mechanisms thorough which strawberry extract contributes to attenuate cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, more in-depth analysis would have added important data to define the in vitro protective effects of strawberry bioactive compounds in different subcellular districts in the recovery from oxidative insults and to verify the bioavailability of these molecules in skin cells after dietary intake or topical application, in order that strawberries can be used also as a natural antioxidant for preventing skin aging and diseases.
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