Chao, C.-Y.; Sung, P.-J.; Wang, W.-H.; Kuo, Y.-H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Momordica Charantia in Sepsis Mice. Molecules 2014, 19, 12777-12788.
Abstract
Wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviate Seringe), a common vegetable in Asia, is used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including inflammation. Extant literature indicates that wild bitter gourds have components that activate PPARα and PPARγ. This research probed the influence of adding wild bitter gourd to diets on inflammation responses in mice with sepsis induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Male BALB/c mice were divided normal, sepsis, positive control, and three experimental groups. The latter ate diets with low (1%), moderate (2%), and high (10%) ratios of wild bitter gourd lyophilized powder. Before mice were sacrificed, with the exception of the normal group, intraperitoneal injection of LPS induced sepsis in each group; positive control group was injected with LPS after PDTC. This experiment revealed starkly lower weights in groups with added wild bitter gourd than those of the remaining groups. Blood lipids (TG, cholesterol, and NEFA) were also lower in comparison to the sepsis group, and blood glucose concentrations recovered and approached normal levels. Blood biochemistry values related to inflammation reactions indicated GOT, GPT, C-RP, and NOconcentrations of groups with added wild bitter gourd were all lower than those of the sepsis group. Secretion levels of the spleen pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α tallied significantly lower in comparison to the sepsis group, whereas secretion levels of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine increased. Expression level of proteins NF-κB, iNOS, and COX-2 were significantly inhibited. Results indicate wild bitter gourd in diets promoted lipid metabolism, reducing fat accumulation, and improving low blood glucose in sepsis. Addition of wild bitter gourd can reduce inflammation biochemical markers or indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body, hence improving the inflammation responses in mice with sepsis.
Conclusions
Wild bitter gourd in diets facilitates lipid metabolism, reducing blood lipid concentration and body weight. Group H shows most significant results. Adding wild bitter gourd to diets of sepsis-induced mice reduced expression of proteins COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB, all associated with inflammation. It reduced secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other substances, hence improved the inflammation responses in sepsis mice. Its numerous health benefits include reducing blood lipids, improving blood glucose, and combating inflammation. In the future, with active ingredients purified, isolated, and identified, this common crop can be used clinically as nutritional supplement to improve acute endotoxin-induced septicemia.
Abbreviation
WBG Wild bitter gourd
LPS Lipopolysaccharides
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
PPARs Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
NO Nitric oxide
PDTC Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid ammonium salt
NEFA Non-esterified fatty acid
GOT Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
C-RP C-reactive protein
GPT Glutamate pyruvate transaminase
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
ECL Enhanced chemiluminescence
NF-κB Nuclear factor-kappaB
iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
MOF Multiple organ failure
CLA Conjugated linoleic acid
STAT Signal transducers and activators of transcription
LPC Lysophosphatidylcholine
AP-1 Activator protein-1
MMPs Metalloproteinase
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