Source: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO)
Summary:
One of the big questions for which there is still no clear answer in biology is how, based on the four universal letters that make up DNA, it is possible to generate such different organisms as a fly or a human, or the different organs and tissues they comprise. In recent years, researchers have discovered that the system is much more complicated than was originally thought. The letters are important, but histones and nucleotide chemical modifications can make up genetic instructions to reinterpret the information contained in the DNA. Reinterpretation of genetic instructions can lead to the development, for example, of an eye or the pancreas in the embryo. Alterations of this make up of the DNA code can also be linked to pathological processes and to the appearance of diseases, such as cancer.
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